If you have spent any time researching the Savannah breed, you have likely encountered the cryptic F-numbers — F1, F2, F3, F4, F5. These designations are far more than breeder jargon.
What Does the F Stand For?
The F stands for filial generation — a term borrowed from genetics that describes how many generations removed a hybrid is from its wild ancestor.
F1: The Wildest Generation
An F1 Savannah is the offspring of a domestic queen and an African Serval sire.
Key Differences at a Glance
F1 (Filial 1)
- DNA: ~50% Serval. One parent is a wild Serval.
- Traits: The largest and most exotic-looking. They have distinct spotted coats, long legs, and large ears. They tend to bond strongly with one person but can be aloof with strangers and have intense energy and hunting instincts.
- Cost: Typically $10,000 to $20,000+.
- Restrictions: Illegal to own in many states and municipalities (e.g., restricted in over 10 states)
- F2 (Filial 2)
- DNA: ~25% to 50% Serval. A Serval is the grandparent.
- Traits: Very large and athletic, but slightly smaller than F1s. They usually have a more manageable temperament, though they still retain significant wild instincts and high energy.
- Cost: Typically $4,000 to $
F3 (Filial 3)
- DNA: ~12% to 25% Serval. A Serval is the great-grandparent.
- Traits: Known for a great balance of exotic, wild looks and a more predictable, social domestic temperament. They are highly active, playful, and bond well with families.
- Cost: Typically $3,000 to $6,000.
F4 & F5 (Filial 4 & 5)
- DNA: F4 has ~6% Serval; F5 has ~3% Serval.
- Traits: They most closely resemble typical domestic cats in size and behavior, but retain the striking spotted coat, long legs, and a higher-than-average intelligence/energy level. They are highly social, affectionate, and great with families.
- Cost: Typically $1,500 to $4,000.
- Restrictions: Legal in almost all states, as they are considered fully domesticated. Select Exotics - Savannah Cats +4
The SBT Designation You will often see F4 and F5 cats referred to as SBT(Stud Book Traditional). This means the cat is at least four generations removed from a Serval and only has other Savannah cats in its pedigree for the previous three generations. SBT cats are considered purebred and are the first generation eligible for championship showing with The International Cat Association (TICA). To explore breeders, learn more about the breed, or check local exotic pet laws, you can visit the Savannah Cat Association or TICA.